'rol. 1, No. 10. 
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JULY, !l893. 



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CROQUET, 



The Rules Governing The Game, 



AS ADOPTED BY THE 



National American Croquet Association, 



Authorized Edition. 



^ REVISED AND CORRECTED 

y^^\ BY THE 

af^ NATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 



PUBLISHED FOR THE ASSOCIATION 



AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO. 



QOPVRIGHTED, 1853, BY AwERigAN Sl'ORTS PUBLISHING CO> 



Loire r Stake 




' / 






Rover 9 



30 
in. 



Hoine Stake 




DESCRIPTION OP GROUNDS. 



On the opposite page will be found tlie plan of the grounds 
adopted by the National Association. Although the grounds 
as here described are those upon which all tournament games 
shall be played, yet some clubs, on account of the expense 
involved, still adhere to the old form, rectangular, and without 
any slope inside the border to bring back the balls into the 
field. 

The plan is as follows : 

Full sized ground, 36x72 feet, the ground to be raised two 
inches at the border, the slope extending 30 inches into the 
field as far as i, i, i, lines denoting the boundary of the Held. 
[These lines are very slight and are made by a marker, having 
a projecting nail point, drawn around the ground and held 
against the border, securing uniform distance.] The stakes 
or posts to be one inch in diameter and one and one-half inches 
high, situated at the base of the rise at the center of the width 
of the field. The first wicket to be seven feet from the stake ; 
the second, seven feet from the first, on a line extending 
through the middle of the field ; the side arches to be five feet 
from the foot of the rise, on a line with the second arch from 
each stake ; the cage or double wicket in the center to be 18 
inches long and three and three-eighths inches between the 
wires, and set at right angles with a line drawn from stake to 
stake. 

The border, &, b, b, at the top of the slope, to be made of 
maple or other hard wood, about 4x6 inches, laid fiat to serve 
as a cushion whence caroms can be made ; the corner pieces 
to be of same material and eight feet long, inside measure- 
ment. All arches except the center arch to be three and one- 
half inches in the clear. The course of balls is indicated in 
the diagram. [See also Rules 7 and 58.] 



CROQUET. 



Croquet is a comparatively modern game. It has not 
the weight of years on its side to increase love and re- 
gard for it. 

The name seems to indicate France as its origin, and 
it is said to have been brought from there to Ireland, 
thence to England. 

Public match games were played in England as long 
ago as 1867. As a lawn game it became exceedingly pop- 
ular, and the formation of the "All England's Croquet 
Club" was succeeded by several annual contests for 
Championship at Wimbledon. 

When introduced in this country, it was characterized 
as a game, simple and almost devoid of opportunities 
for the display of any very great skill. The game was 
also modified ; the number of arches increased, their po- 
sitions changed, and the size of the grounds diminished. 

The finest playing at that time, and till within a few 
years, was upon lawns with closely mown grass and gen- 
erally level surface ; but now the scientific player pre- 
pares a ground better adapted to his needs, and the 
exhibition of his skill. 

Although much genuine pleasure and excellent exer- 
cise can be obtained from a so-called sod ground, yet for 
delicacy and accuracy of play and exercise of sometimes 
marvelous skill, the modern ground is made a perfectly 
level, hard-rolled, sanded field. 

All Tournament games must be played on a ground of 
this kind. 

It has ceased, therefore, to be a so-called lawn-sport 
among scientific players. The sanded surface gathers 
no dampness as evening hours approach (the most com- 
mon time for play, especially in warm weather), and the 
caution against damp feet on the dew-covered grass is 
unnecessary. 

It is very little trouble to maintain a good ground 
when once properly prepared, and the natural soil in 
most localities eerves as an excellent basis for the top- 



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soil, which should be sifted ifmecessary to free it from 
stones and pebbles, and covered after hard rolling with 
a very slight sprinkling of fine sand. 

We would by no means discourage lawn-croquet. It 
is from the ranks of exceUent lawn players that our 
best scientific players have come, and lawn playing 
will foster a love for the game, which, after all, is the 
principal thing. Very few people, comparatively, have 
ever seen a really scientifically made ground. Those 
who believe themselves to be expert lawn players are 
greatly surprised at the greater opportunity for pleas- 
ure and skill afforded upon a nicely sanded level field. 

There is no other field game that can compare with 
Croquet as a test for good temper, forbearance, and that 
prince of manly qualities, fairness. 

We have known characters vastly improve by cour- 
teous companionship and prevailing geniality on the 
Croquet ground. The old-fashioned wordy strifes and 
contentions, cherishing and continuing ill-feeling, are 
unknown, and aside from the beneficial physical advan- 
tages, these features must also be regarded in taking 
stock of the benefits of Croquet. 

Croquet needs no special dress. The absence of ex- 
cessive physical exertion is suited to those who would, 
if compelled to change suits, take no exercise at all, and 
they can return to business or any avocation after an 
hour of Croquet with linen and clothes none worse for 
their effort, and with an exhilaration that out-door 
exercises invariably secure. It is especially adapted to 
sedentary persons, and those in mature life to whom 
the vigorous roughness of base-bal^and the lively skir- 
mishing of lawn tennis would be anything but a pleas- 
ure. 

An organized club reduces the items of expense to a 
minimum, and it requires but two to play the game. 

In England lawn tennis has almost displaced it ; but 
it has done so because prepared grounds were, we be- 
lieve, never used there. Lawn playing only was indulged 
in. Lawn Tennis is a rival in this country, though not at 
all similar ; but we doubt if all its attractions have ever 
persuade-d one whose faith has been firmly fixed, and 
whose skill has made fair progress in Croquet, to give up 
his first love. 

Croquet is as scientific as billiards. There is a greater 
field (literally as well as otherwise) for strategy, the ex- 
ercise of deliberate judgment, nerve, coolness and bold- 



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yfirinc, or kichnG , n^xt iall . H 

fcicn^ Iru usi^clI stroke of lllcUUt) 



ness of play in Croquet than in billiards, much as some 
may question the truthfulness of the assertion. The 
eye and the hand become trained. Lawn Tennis calls 
for muscular action in immediate response to counter- 
play. Judgment must be instantaneous and muscular 
movements rapid and fatiguing. Croquet stands in 
strong contrast with its deliberate strokes, its moderate 
exercise and non-fatiguing efforts even when prolonged. 
It is richly deserving of increased interest. 

The high degree of skill of which the game by the in- 
troduction of narrow arches, hard rubber balls, and the 
most approved implements of play has been made capa- 
ble, prevents it from being regarded as fit only for 
children. The average age of the contestants at the last 
two Tournaments of the National Association at Nor- 
wich, was over forty years. 

The chief points of excellence in Croquet may be 
enumerated as follows : 

First. Accuracy in croqueting or making one ball hit 
another from the blow of the mallet. Here the accurate 
eye and the trained hand are needed, for at a distance 
of 80 feet a ball 3^ inches in diameter subtends a very 
small angle, and a very small divergence of the line of 
direction of the impinging mallet will cause the struck 
ball to go wide of its desired course. 

Second. Ability to take position in front of Arches 
so as to pass through them successfully, for the Arches 
being only 3^ inches wide give little chance of passing 
through to a ball of 3^ inches when in a "wild posi- 
tion." 

Third. *' Wiring" or "staking" an adversary's ball 
so as to leave no ball ' ' open " or " exposed. " This is done 
sometimes from a distance of fifteen or twenty feet ; and 
fourth and greatest of all, is good generalship, for with- 
out this all excellence attained in the three preceding 
points will be manifested in vain in a hard-fought game. 
Closely associated with the first, is the ability to "drive " 
or " block '' the ball at a certain angle to reach a position 
desired. This will be attempted only when the balls are 
near together, for at a long range roquet only is attempt- 
ed. It is possible also that "jump shooting" ought to 
be added to these, for this, at first thought seemingly 
impossible method of play, is a special feature with 
some players, and not infrequently they are relieved 
from an otherwise inextricable position by a timely 
jump shot, by which a ball from a peculiar downward 



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Jl) desired '/^osiiiorv. 



Btroke of the mallet may be made to pass over one or more 
intervening- arches and " capture " a ball supposed to be safe 
from all danger. |See Fig, No. 6.] 

The National Association meets in Norwich on the Monday 
preceding the third Tuesday in August, and any one lacking 
enthusiasm can here be cheaply and fully " enthused." 
People living iji oi near New York can find grounds corner of 
Eighty-eighth Street and Madison Avenue, also at Mariners' 
Harbor, Staten Island, and at Matawan, New Jersey. 

Philadelphia has fine, well-kept grounds at Twenty-second 
and Brown Streets. Danbury, New London and Middletown, 
Conn., Northampton, Springfield, Shelburne Falls and Leo- 
minster, Mass., boast of excellent grounds and excellent 
players. Cottage City, Martha's Vineyard, has ten grounds 
tor summer play. Washington, D. C, Wilmington, Del., and 
Norfolk, Va., have caught the croquet spirit in earnest; Los 
Angeles and Palo Alto, Cal., and Albion, N. Y,, are not a whit 
behind. Asbury Grove, Mass., has most excellent grounds 
and fine players at that delightful summer resort. Trenton, 
N. J., also has enthusiastic players. The Cottage City club 
has rubber borders and no slope inside. The grounds are the 
most artistic and expensive in the country, and do much to 
foster tha croquet spirit. Permanent grounds have been 
secured at Norwich, and a building is in process of erection 
for the use of players at national tournaments. 

The Western clubs have never been represented at the 
National Association, though urgent invitations have been 
given them to do so. Their style of play is a little different, 
but it would be easily possible to unify all existing games of 
the so-called " loose " or "tight" croquet, and this ought to 
be done. 

At Elyria, Ohio, they have covered grounds and their play- 
ers cannot be excelled. But Norwich has been called the 
genuine Mecca for the lovers of Croquet. Easily reached, 
with an old love for the game, with players celebrated for 
their geniality, hospitality and skill, the RoS?^ City of New 
England is especially a haven of delight, and the third week 
of August is looked forward to by Croquetists with the eager- 
ness and unconcealed pleasure of children looking forward to 
the joys and festivities of Christmastide. 

The game of Croquet should be played on ground as nearly 
level as possible, in size 36x72 feet. The surface should be 
well-rolled dirt, lightly sanded to hold the balls. While the 
game may be played on turf, all national match or tourna- 
ment games shall be played on a dirt or " made " ground. 

In all prize tournament games the wickets shall be not more 
than three and one-half inches in width, and the " cage " or 
center wicket shall be not more than three and three-eighths 
inches in width by eighteen inches in length. This wicket 
shall be set in the center of the field with its long axis at right 
angles with a line drawn from stake to stake. It is so situated 
to make the wiring of balls more difiacult. 

10 



Xc.5: 





GcttU-aJlsiricrv in th 



The wickets should be sunk into the ground six or eigrht 
inches or set in blocks of wood, buried under the surface to 
insure stability. 

The Mallets [see Kule 3] may be made of boxwood, seven 
or seven and one-half inches long by two and one-fourth to 
two and one-half inches in diameter, and the handle from 
eight to fifteen inches in length, as best suits the player. 
Individual taste has caused a great variety of mallets. The 
steel (or brass) tube is becoming increasingly popular, mainly 
from its strength to endure hard blows. It has a hard and a 
soft rubber end, being filled with wood driven in hard. The 
best balls are of hard rubber; and in all National Association 
games they shall be of hard rubber, three and one-fourth 
inches in diameter. They can be easily painted, by using a 
preparation of shellac dissolved in alcohol, mixing with 
Chinese vermillion for red, Prussian blue and zinc or flake 
white for blue, and zinc or hake white for white. Thus painted^ 
they will dry in a few minutes and wear for several days 



IS 



Xo^t 




TO THE BEGINNER. 



In this, as in every other game, there are certain gen- 
eral principles which should guide one in his play. 
13efore referring to these we will notice 1st, mallets, and 
2d, the position taken in the use of the mallet. A mallet 
should be from 7 to 8 inches in length by about 2^ 
inches in diameter, with handle from 12 to 18 inches 
long. The size and weight should be that which, after 
trial, the player likes the best. 

As regards position in striking, let every man be a 
law unto himself. My way might not suit you, and 
your way would not suit me ; yet while occupying very 
different positions, we may aim and execute with equal 
accuracy. Do not be too long in your aim ; a quick 
stroke after getting your line between two balls is gen- 
erally the most accurate ; but there is one point that all 
must observe if the ball is to hit the mark : after getting 
your line of aim, and your mallet resting ready for the 
stroke, keep your eyes fixed on your own ball. Any de- 
viation from this rule, either for short or long shots, 
will end in failure. 

And now as to a few general principles to be observed : 

First. Keep your own balls together, and separate 
those of your adversary. 

Second. Keep with you or your partner the "inno- 
cent " or last played ball of your adversary. 

Third. Keep the "guilty" or next playing ball of 
your adversary wired as much as possible. 

Fourth. When you can make no further run, give 
your partner the best set up you can. 

Fifth. Do not play for the guilty ball when, if you 
miss, you give him a chance better than he has before. 

Sixth. If you have but a poor chance to make a run, 
set up the balls for your partner. 

Seventh. In making a run, provide as much as possi- 
ble for points ahead. Do not leave balls behind you if 
you can avoid it. 

To bring out the points of a game, let us illustrate : 



Having- scored for first shot (see Rule 7 for method of 
opening the game), Red, having won the first shot, plays 
on Blue, sending him near the first arch, going himself 
to Black, sending this to Blue and then getting White, 
wiring it, or offering only a long shot ; Red then plays 
up near Blue and Black and leaves a " set-up " for Blue. 
It sometimes happens that Red can wire White first 
and then get a drive from Black or Blue, so as to make 
several arches in his first turn. This method is generally 
attempted should White be near Red and easily wired, 
if White has but one ball to play for the length of the 
field, his chances of missing are so great that it is pre- 
ferable to remain at the lower end of the field. He thus 
forces Blue to come after him by croquet from a ball near 
him, or play with only his partner and the "" guilty '" or 
next playing ball. Blue now has his balls to aid him in 
making a run. If he feels capable of managing it, he 
should roquet Black, croquet to White, and bring it into 
his field of play, then make his first arch off Red. He 
now has all the balls in the field. He plays on Red and 
sends it toward the center arch ; then on Black, sending 
it towards the third arch ; then on White, making his 
second arch. He should endeavor to have a drive on 
White now to the center, leaving it there, shoving Red to 
third, making third off Black, keeping it near the wicket. 
Here he should wire it by leaving it directly behind 
the third arch and then drive Red towards center, get- 
ting his position for the center arch off White. If he 
succeeds in this and makes the arch, he goes on securely 
and confidently, for Black is not likely to do him any 
harm, even if he fails in his arch. 

This illustrates his successful play far enough, indi- 
cating what he should do throughout the game. If he 
fails at the center, Black then plays to the lower part 
of the field, or to an upper corner if he must, and Red 
now plays. There are now two courses open for Red, 
either to try to make a run, or assist Blue. If Blue is 
in position, he should prefer the latter course, especially 
if other balls are not in the field, affording him an 
opportunity for a drive. He either puts Blue through 
the center, or where it can easily go through, then wires 
White and rests where Blue can reach him in passing 
through the cage. AVhite should now^ get as far away as 
possible, leaving Blue only the Red ball to assist him in 
making a further run. If Black is on the line, White 
should get as near as possible. 



If Red has brought Black into the field, then White 
plays to the upper end of the field. Blue goes through, 
continues his run with two balls, and at the stake 
gets White back into the field, wiring or staking Black 
at his first convenient opportunity.. If Blue fails and 
Black or White succeed in getting the balls, the same 
general plan is carried out. It is a good rule not to try 
to make the third arch unless you have a set-up for the 
cage, except it be necessary to do so in order to get out 
of danger. If you are for the cage, and lose the balls, 
it is much more diflBcult to get started for another run 
than if you were for some other arch. As caroms from 
the border count, balls should be wired if possible to 
prevent even carom shots. 



TERMS USED IN CROQUET. 

To Roquet. — To hit with one's own ball another ball 
for the first time. 

To Croquet.— To place player's ball against the ro- 
queted ball and then striking his own ball, moving 
both. 

Carom.— A rebounding from an arch, a stake, or the 
border. 

In Play.— a ball is in play so long as points are made, 
or balls hit in accordance with the rules. 

Points.— See Rule 23. 

Dead Ball.— A ball on which the player has played 
since making a point. It is then dead to the player 
till he makes another point or has another turn. 

Direct Shot—Roquet.- This is a direct shot, whether 
the ball in passing to its destination does or does 
not carom from a wire, or a stake or the border. 

Drive or Block— Enolish " Rush."— A roquet played 
so as to send the object ball to some desired spot. 

Cut. — To drive the object ball to a desired position, by 
causing player's ball to hit it on one side. 

Run or Break.— The making of a number of points in 
the same turn. 

Set Up.— To locate the balls so as to afford facility for 
making the next point or run. 

Wiring. — To leave the balls so that the next player 
finds a wire or stake between his ball and the object 
ball. 

Object Ball.— The ball at which the player aims. 

Jump Shot. — Striking the ball so as to make it jump 
over any obstacle between it and the object aimed 
at. To do this, the ball should be struck with con- 
sidera'ble force on the top just back of the center. 

Guilty or Danger Ball.— The next played on the 
adversary's side. 

Innocent Ball.— The last played ball of the adversary. 

Rover.— A ball that has made all the points except the 
last. 

Tight Croquet.— Is holding with the hand or foot the 
ball placed against another for the sake of croquet, 
thus allowing only the latter to be moved. 

Loose Croquet.— Is striking a ball when it is in contact 
with another, where it has been placed for the pur- 
pose of croquet, thus moving both balls. 
5coBiNG."-See Rule 7. 

17 



RULES, 



Note.— The following Rules, though adapted and adopted for Loose 
Croquet, ave, nevertheless, used by the niost prominent clubs of the country 
as authority in Tight Croquet. Some rulings are to be construed as referring 
only to Loose Croquet. But of these there can be no doixbt, from the 
nature of tlje g-auie and the wording of the Rules. 



INTERFERING WITH PLAYERS. 

Rule 1.— No player or other person shall be permitted 
to interfere with the result of a game by any 
word or act calculated to embarrass the player, 
nor shall any one, except a partner, speak to a 
player while in the act of shooting. 

ORDER OF COLORS. 

Rule 2. — The order of colors shall be red, white, blue, 
black. 

MALLETS. 

Rule 3. — There shall be no restriction as to kind or 
size of mallet used — one or two hands may be 
used in striking. 

Rule 4. — No player shall change his mallet during a 
game without permission of his opponent, except 
in case of accident, or to make a ''jump shot." 

Rule 5. — Should a ball or mallet break in striking, the 
player may demand another stroke, with a new 
ball or mallet. 

CLIPS OR MARKERS. 

Rule 6.— Every player shall be provided with a clip or 
indicator of the same color as his ball, painted 
on one side only, which he must affix to his arch 
next in order in course of play, before his part- 
ner plays, with the painted side towards the 
front of the arch. Should he fail to do so his 
clip mufet remain upon the arch it rested on be- 
fore he played, and he must make the points 



again. Should he move his marker beyond or 
back of the point he is for, his attention must be 
called to such error before he plays again, other- 
wise it shall stand. Should a player put a ball 
through its arch, he m.ust move the correspond- 
ing clip to its proper arch before the next ball 
is played, otherwise, the clip remains as before. 

OPENING OF GAME. 
Rule 7. — All games shall be opened by scoring from an 
imaginary line through the middle wicket, and 
playing towards the turning stake. The balls 
must be so played that they rest below the first 
arch from the turning stake, and if dislodged 
must be replaced — all balls being in play from 
where they jest — the ball nearest the stake play- 
ing first. 

BALLS.-HOW STRUCK. 
Rule 8. — The ball must be struck with the face of the 
mallet, the stroke being delivered whenever 
touching the ball it moves it. Should a stake or 
wire intervene, the stroke is not allowed unless 
the ball is struck at the same time, and if the 
ball is moved, without being struck by the face 
of the mallet, it shall remain where it rests, and 
should a point or roquet be made, it shall not be 
allowed, except by the decision of the umpire as 
to the fairness of the shot. All balls thus moved 
by a false shot may be replaced or not at the 
option of the opponent. 

Rule 9. — When making a direct shot {i. e. roquet), the 
player must not push or follow the ball with his 
mallet ; but when taking croquet from a ball 
(two balls being in contact), he may follow his 
ijall with the mallet ; but must not strike it 
twice. 

Rule 10. — If a player strikes his ball before his oppo- 
nent has finished his play, the stroke shall stand 
or be made over, at the option of the opponent 

Rule 11. — Should a ball rest against or near a wire, anc 
the umpire, or other person agreed on, shoulc 
decide that in order to pass through the arch, 
an unfair or push shot would have to be made, it 
shall not be allowed if made. 



FOUL STROKE. 

Rule 12. — Should a player in making; a stroke move 
with his mallet any other than his object ball, 
it shall be a foul and his play ceases, and all 
balls moved shall be replaced as before the 
stroke, or remain where they rest, at the option 
of the opponent. 

Rule 13. — If a dead ball in contact with another ball 
moves, on account of the inequality of the 
ground, while playing the other ball away from 
it, the player does not lose his shot. 

BALLS.-WHEN NOT TO BE TOUCHED. 

Rule 14. — A ball must not be touched while on the field, 
except after a roquet, when it is necessary to 
place it beside the roqueted ball for the purpose 
of croquet, or to replace it when it has been 
moved by accident — except by permission of the 
opponent. 

ROQUET AND CROQUET. 

Rule 15.— A ball roquets another when it comes in con- 
tact with it by a blow from the player's mallet, 
or rebounds from a wicket or a stake or the bor- 
der; also when it comes in contact with it when 
croquet is taken from another ball. 

Rule 16. — A player after making roquet shall not stop 
his ball for the purpose of preventing its hitting 
another. Should he do so his play ceases and 
all balls shall be replaced as before the stroke, 
or remain, at the option of the opponent. 

Rule 17. — Roquet gives to the player the privilege of 
roquet-croquet only, and play must be made 
from the roqueted ball. 

Rule 18. — If a player in taking a croquet from a ball, 
fails to move it, such stroke ends his play^, and 
his ball must be returned, or left where it stops, 
at the option of the opponent. 

Rule 19.— A player, in each turn of play, is at liberty 
to roquet any ball on the ground once only be- 
fore making a point. 

20 



Rule 20.— Should a player croquet a ball he has not ro- 
queted, he loses his turn, and all balls moved by 
such play must be replaced to the satisfaction of 
the umpire, or adversary. Should the mistake 
not be discovered before the player has made 
another stroke, the play shall be valid, and the 
player continue his play. 

Rule 21. — In taking croquet from a ball, if player's 
ball strikes another, to which he is dead, such 
stroke does not end his play. 

Rule 22. — If a player roquets two or more balls at the 
seme stroke, only the first can be croqueted. 



MAKING OF POINTS. 

Rule 23.— A player makes a point in the game when his 
ball makes an arch or hits a stake in proper 
play. 

Rule 24. — If a player makes a point, and afterwards at 
the same stroke roquets a ball, he must take the 
point, and use theball. If the roqueted ball is 
beyond the arch, as determined by rule 45, and 
playing ball rests through the arch, the arch is 
held to be first made.* 

Rule 25. — If a ball roquets another, and afterwards at 
the same stroke makes a point, it must take the 
ball and reject the point. 

Rule 36. — A player continues to play so long as he 
makes a point in the game, or roquets another 
ball to which he is in play. 

Rule 27.— A ball making two or more points at the 
same stroke, has only the same privilege as if it 
made but one. 

Rule 28. — Should a ball be driven through its arch, or 
against its stake by croquet or concussion, it is 
a point made by that ball, except it be a rover. 
[See Rule 52.] 



* Note.— While this is not mathematically correct, the rule is so made to 
avoid disputes and difficult measurements. 



PLAYING ON DEAD BALL. 

Rule 29.— If a player play by direct shot on a dead ball, 
all balls displaced by such shot shall be replaced 
in their former position, and the player's ball 
placed against the dead ball on the side from 
which it came ; or all balls shall rest where they 
lie, at the option of the opponent. 

Rule 80.— If a player, in making a direct shot, strike a 
ball on whiee he has already played, i. e., a dead 
ball, his play ceases. Any point or part of a 
point or ball struck, after striking the dead ball, 
is not allowed, and both balls must be replaced 
in accordance with the preceding rule. A dead 
ball displaced by other than direct shot, shall 
not be replaced. 

Rule 31. — If playing ball in passing through its arch 
strike a dead ball that is beyond the arch, as 
determined by rule 45, the ball shall not be con- 
sidered a dead ball if playing ball rests through 
its arch, and the point shall be allowed. 

BALLS MOVED OR INTERFERED WITH BY ACCI- 
DENT OR DESIGN. 

Rule 32. — A ball accidentally displaced, otherwise than 
as provided for in Rule 12, must be returned to 
its position before play can proceed. 

Rule 33. — If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course 
by an opponent, the player may repeat the shot 
or not as he chooses. Should he decUne to re- 
peat the shot, the ball must remain where it 
stops, and, if playing ball, must play from there. 

Rule 34. — If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course 
by a player or his partner, the opponent may 
demand a repetition of the shot if he chooses. 
Should he decline to do so, the ball must remain 
where it stops, and, if playing ball, must play 
from there. 

Rule 35. — If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course 
by any object inside the ground, not pertaing to 
the game or ground, other than provided for in 
Rules 33 and 34, the shot may be repeated or 
allowed to remain, at thie option of the player. 
If not repeated, the ball must remain where it 
stops, and, if playing ball, play from there. 



BALLS IN CONTACT. 
Rule 36. — Should a player, on commencing his play, 
find his ball in contact with another, he may hit 
his own as he likes, and then have subsequent 
privileg-es the same as though the balls were 
fceparated an inch or more. 

RULES CONCERNING BOUNDARY. 

[The bonndary is a Hue extendiiig around the field, uHually 30 inches from 
the border, aud parallel with it.] 

Rule 37. — A ball shot over boundary or border must be 
returned at right angles from where it stops be- 
fore play can proceed. 

Rule 38. — A ball is in the field only when the whole 
ball is within the boundary line. 

Rule 39. — No play is allowed from beyond the bounda- 
ry line, except when a ball is placed in contact 
with another for the purpose of croquet. 

Rule 40. — If a player strikes his ball when over the 
boundary line, he shall lose his stroke, and the 
balls shall be replaced or left where they stop, 
at the option of the opponent. 

Rule 41. — If a player hit a ball off the field by a direct 
shot, his play ceases, and the roqueted ball is 
placed on the boundary opposite the point 
• where it lay before being thus hit. But if a ball 
off the field is hit from a croquet, the hit shall 
not be allowed, the ball shall be replaced prop- 
erly in the field, and the play shall not cease. 

[Note. — The three following rules apjily more particularly to the old 
style of grounds with square corners, and are retained for some clubs that 
have not adopted the new style of grounds.] 

Rule 42. — The first ball driven over the boundary line 
into a corner must be placed on the corner at 
the intersection of the two boundary lines. 

Rule 43. — If a ball, having been struck over the bound- 
ary line, is returnable at the corner, another 
ball being. on or entitled to the corner, it shall 
be placed on that side of the corner ball on 
which it went ofl'. 

Rule 44. — If two balls, having been shot over the 
boundary line, rest directly behind one another 



at riglit angles with boundary line, they shall 
be placed on the Hue along side of each other in 
the same relative position in which they were 
played off. This can occur only when the cen- 
ters of the two balls rest directly behind one 
another at right angles with the boundary line. 

BALL.-WHEN THROUGH AN ARCH. 
Rule 45.. — A ball is not through an arch when a straight 
edge, laid across the two wires on the side from 
which the ball came, touches the ball without 
moving the arch. 

BALLS WHEN IN POSITION. 
Rule 46. —If a ball has been placed under an arch, for 
the purpose of croquet, it is not in position to 
run that arch. 

Rule 47. — If a ball be driven under its arch from the 
wrong direction, and rests there, it is not in po- 
sition to run that arch in the right direction. 

Rule 48.— If a ball, shot through its arch in the right 
direction, rolls back through or under that arch, 
the point is not made, but the ball is in position 
if left there. 

HITTING BALL WHILE MAKING WICKET. 

Rule 49. — The cage Avicket may be made in one, two or 
moie turns, provided the ball stops withirf limit 
of the cage. 

Rule 50. — Any plaj^ng ball within, or under, a wicket, 
becomes dead to advancement through the 
wicket from that position, if it comes in contact 
with a.ny other ball by a direct shot. 

ROVERS. 
Rule 51. — A rover has the right of roquet and conse- 
quent croquet on every ball once during each 
turn of play, and is subject to roquet and cro- 
quet by any ball in play. 

Rule 53. — Rovers must be continued in the game until 
partners become rovers, and go out successively, 
and a rover that has been driven against the 
stake cannot be removed to make way for the 
next rover. 

H 



PLAYING OUT OF TURN, OR WRONaBALL. 
Rule 53. — If a player plays out of his proper turn, 
whether with his own or any other ball, or in 
his proper turn plays the wrong ball, and the 
mistake is discovered before the next player has 
commenced his play, all benefit from any point 
or points made is lost, and his turn of play is 
forfeited. All balls moved by the misplay must 
be returned to their former position by the um- 
pire or adversary. If the mistake is not discov- 
ered until after the next player has made his 
first stroke, the error must stand. 

POINTS RE-MADE. 
Rule 54. — If a player makes a point he has already 
made, his marker not being on that point, and 
the mistake is discovered before the proper point 
is made, the play ceases with the shot by which 
the wicket was re-made, and the marker remains 
where it stood at the beginning of this play. 
All balls shall be left in the position they had at 
the time the wicket was re made. If not dis- 
covered before the proper point is made, the 
points so made are good, and play proceeds the 
same as if no error had been made. 

ERROR IN ORDER OF PLAY. 
Rule 55. — If an error in order is discovered after a play- 
er has struck his ball, he shall be allowed to 
finish his play, provided be is playing in the 
regular sequence of his partner's ball last played. 
In case of dispute as to proper sequence of balls, 
it shall be decided by the umpire ; if there is no 
umpire, by lot. No recourse shall be had to lot 
unless each party expresses the belief that the 
other is wrong. 

Rule 56. — At any time an error in order is discovered, 
the opposite side shall follow with the same ball 
last played (the proper sequence) ; but before 
playing, their opponents shall have privilege to 
demand a transposition of adversaries' balls. 

Example. — Black plays by mistake after Red — the 
error is not discovered — Blue plays in the proper 
sequence of his partner Red, and seeing that 
Black has just played, is thus led to believe it 



the innocent ball, and upon concluding his play, 
leaves Black by Red. Now, if error in order is 
discovered, the' player of Red and Blue can de- 
mand that the position of Black and White be 
transposed. 

CHANGING SURFACE OF GROUND. 

Rule 57. — The surface of grounds shall not be changed 
during a game by either player, unless by con- 
sent of the umpire, and if so changed at the time 
of playing, the shot shall be declared lost. 

DIRECTION THt^OUGH WICKETS. 

Rule 58. — In making all side or corner wickets the play- 
ing ball shall pass through them towards the 
center. 

PENALTY.-GENERAL RULE. 

Rule 59. — If a rule is violated, a penalty for which has 
not been provided, the player shall cease his 
play. 



TOURNAMENT RULES. 

(189S.) 



IluiiE 1.— The tournament games shall be pla^^ed in accordance 
with the rules of the National Croquet Association. 

KuiiE 2.— Each Club shall be entitled to enter three players, 
each of whom shall play one game with each member 
of the class to which he is assigned. 

KuLE 3.— No player shall be allowed to enter after 8 o'clock 
Wednesday morning, except by consent of the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements. 

RuiiE 4.— All players are expected to remain till the finish and 
play all games assigned to them ; should any player 
leave before he has played all his games, his name and 
games shall be stricken from the list. 

EuiiE 5.— The order of play shall be determined by lot, names 
being drawn by the Committee of Arrangements. 

EuLE 6.— Should any player fail to be present when his turn 
comes, the next in order shall play, and the former's 
game be forfeited, unless excused by the Committee of 
Arrangements. 

KuLE 7.— All disputed points shall be referred to an umpire, 
to be chosen before play by the contestants, and in 
case of his inability to decide, to three referees, to be 
chosen by the Committee of Arrangements. 

KuLE 8. — Games shall be called by 8 a.m., and no game shall 
be begun after 6 p.m., unless by mutual consent. 

KuLE 9.— All ties shall be played off in accordance with the 
above rules. 

]\ULE 10.— In case of darkness coming on during a game, the 
umpire shall decide when a game shall stop, and if 
stopped, shall be continued first in order the next 
. morning, if the players are on time. 

Rule 11.— The players shall be divided into four classes. 

RtttjE 12.— Three delegates may be admitted to play from 
any club, for five dollars ; and others may enter from 
the same club upon payment of two dollars additional 
for each player. 

The social tournament games will be governed by i he same 
rules as the prize tournament games. 

27 



LIS*r OF CLLJBS 



NATIONAL CROQUET ASSOCIATION. 



Blair HaliL Club, BJ airs- 
town, N. J. 
Danbury Club. 
New York Club. 
Stamford (Ct.) Club. 
Quaker City Club. 
Philadelphia Club. 
Staten Island Club. 
New Brunswick (N. J.) Club. 
Keyport (N. J.) Club. 
Hightstown (N. J.) Club. 
Troy Club, 
Newton viLLE Club. 
IShelburne Falls Club. 
Middletown (Ct.) Club. 
Chicago Club. 
New London Club. 
Cottage City Club. 



Asbury Grove Club. 

Norwood Club, Northamp- 
ton, Mass. 

Springfield (Mass.) Club. 

Trenton (N. J.) Club. 

Providence Club. 

Norwich Club. 

Gloversville (N. Y.) Club. 

KocKViLLE (Ct.) Club. 

TowNSEND Harbor Club, 

Mass. 

Bell Eock Club, Maiden, 
Mass. 

Mansfield Centre (Ct.)CLUB 

Harlem Club. 

Washington (D. C.) Club. 

Leominster (Mass.) Club. 

Wilmington (Del.) Club. 



The necessity for a uniform code of rules governing croquet 
players throughout the country was for a long time apparent. 
During the fall of 1882, players from New York City, Boston, 
Philadelphia and Norwich, Conn., joined in a call for a conven- 
tion to organize a national association, and adopt national 
rules. This call was sent to about twenty-five clubs ; and on 
October 4, 1892, the convention met on the grounds of the 
New York Croquet Club, 127th Street and Fifth Avenue, New 
York. There were present at the meeting representatives 
from New York City> Philadelphia, Norwich, Conn., Newburg, 
N. Y., Keyport, N. J., Staten Island and Providence, K. I. 



The Association was organized, and the following 
oflScers elected for the ensuing year : 

Preset, Ira B. Read, New York ; Vice Preset, J. W. 
Hooker, Norwich, Conn.; Sec'y and Treas., G. W. John- 
son, Philadelphia ; Corresponding Sec'y, C. H. Botsford, 
New York. 

The Committee on By-Laws reported the following, 
which were adopted. 

BY-LAWS. 

1. This organization shall be known as the National 
American Croquet Association. 

2. Its oflScers shall be President, three Vice Presi- 
dents, Secretary and Treasurer and Corresponding 
Secretary. 

3. They shall be elected yearly at the annual meeting. 

4. Any club may become a member of this Associa- 
tion by adopting its rules, and paying the initiation fee 
of five dollars. 

5. Each club shall be entitled to three delegates. 

6. The Association shall, at each annual meeting, fix 
on a place where the next annual meeting shall be held. 

7. Special meetings may be called by the President 
when he may deem it necessary. 

8. The annual meeting sluill be held the second* Tuesday 
of August, at 8 o'clock, p.m. 

9. A majority of the members of the Association shall 
constitute a quorum at all meetings. 

10. All question and elections shall be decided by a 
majority vote. 

11. These By-Laws may be amended at any meeting, 
by a vote of two-thirds of the members of the Associa- 
tion. 

ADOPTED 1887. 

12. The President shall be authorized to fill any va- 
cancy among the officers that occurs through removal 
or otherwise. 

ADOPTED 1889. 

13. Clubs having more than eight members can pay 
ten dollar's entrance fee, and be entitled to six delegates. 

ADOPTED 1891. 

14. Clubs entering four players shall pay seven dol- 
lars, and nine dollars if entering five. 

'*' Practically annulled by vote oC Association to meet t^e third Tuesday. 



PAST OFFICERS. 

The foUowing are the nast ^w 

e past oiBcers of the Association 
Pres.-Tra T! t> . ^^^- 

^ ^- w. Botsford, 
pj.g,g . ^ 1883. 

^oh'^nnrfente'^v.^^hife ^--^^^^^ 

Island • Seev /'/^*^^ch, Conn if ^^''?'^»^' ^- Y.; 
^ecy-C. H. Bottsford, K f ^^.^wich, 

B. AsWey, •pTo.?dt'4' iVf^jT?--- ^ ^iee-Pres -^P 

J>otsford K Y "''' ^P^^»^«eId?Mass ^^^^""^ Treas.--' 

' ^or. 8ec'y-_c. H. 

1885. 
cSKfk'^^tht?^'^'^'^'^- Mass.; Viee-P,,. 

^y-O. H. Botsford, 

Pres.— E M Pio ^^^^- 

^y ^H. Botsfor% 



1888. 

Pres.— A. W. Wambold, Stateri Island; Vice-Pres.— 
Geo. C. iStronjr, New London, Conn.; Geo. Van Wiekle, 
New BrunsAviek, N. J.; E. F. Spakling, Townsend's Har- 
l.or, JNlass. ; Sec'y and Treas. — N. L. Bishop, Norwich, 
Conn.; Cor. See'y — L. P. Bryant, Florence, Mass. 

1889. 

Pres. — Herbert Porter, Maiden, Mass.; Vice-Pres. — 
John M. Brewer, Norwich; Abner Holly, New York; 
Joseph Bilbrough, Philadelphia ; Sec'y and Treas. — 

I Uarlcs Jacouus, fepringlield, Mass.; Cor. beo"y— A. W. Dickey. 

Norwich. 

1890. 

Pres.— John M. Brewer, Norwich ; Vice-Pres.— Abner 
B. Holly, New York; Joseph Bilbrough, Philadelphia; 
J. W. Tufts, Boston; Sec'y and Treas.— Charles Jacobus, 
Springfield, Mass.; Cor. Sec'y— George W. Johnson, 
Philadelphia. 

1891. 
Pres. — John M. Brewer, Norwich ; Vice-Pre^. — E. R. 
Downs, Asbury Grove ; John P. Dechen, Staten Island; 
E. C. Butler, Middletown ; Sec'y and Treas. — Charles 
Jacobus, Springfield ; Cor. Sec'y.— George W. Johnson, 
Philadelphia. 

1892. 

Pres.— N. L. Bisliop, Norwich; Vice-Pres.— C. J. Myers, 
Washington, D, C. ; D. B. Frisbee, New York; L. G. Williams, 
Mansfield Centre, Conn.; Sec'y and Treas.— Ciiarles Jacobus, 
Springfield, Mass.; Cor. Sec'y— W. Holt Apgar, Trenton, N. J. 



31 



THE SPALDING CUP OF 1890-91. 

The prizes awarded to Mr, Gustavus Maurer for short- 
est game, for two years, by A. G. Spalding & Bros., were 
condensed into one unique and valuable Cup. This 
stands about twelve inches high, and at the same time 
attests the interest of those who awarded it, the skill of 
the artist in manufacture, and the rapidly delicate 
croquet playing of Mr. Maurer. 



THE GEO. S. VAN WICKLE BADGE. 

A gold badge has been presented by George S. Van 
Wickle to the Association, to be contested for by the 
clubs of the Association, and the following rules, to 
govern these contests, have been adopted : 

The badge to be held by the individual winner, sub- 
ject to challenge once a month, on seven days' notice, 
by a member selected to play for it by any club belong- 
ing to the National Association. No club shall have a 
right to a second challenge in less than ninety days 
from the first. The games to be best four in seven, and 
must be played on grounds chosen by the person hold- 
ing the badge. 



Note.— First Contest— At Philadelphia, Fall Tournament, 
October 3, 1891 ; won by G. W. Johnson. Second Contest— At 
Philadelphia, June, 1892 ; held by Johnson vs. Germond. Third 
Contest— At Norwich, August, 1892; won by Jacobus. Fourth 
Contest— At Springfield, October, 1892; held by Jacobus vs. 
Germond. 

«®=- By vote of Association the contest for this badge will 
take place annually at Norwich during tournament week. 



riRjT ANb Second Prize Winnekj. 

1882. 

1ST.— A. G. SHIPMAN, New Yokk. 

2d. — IKA B. read, . . ... New York. 

1883. 
1ST.— G. W. JOHNSON, . . . Philadelphia. 

2d. —IRA B. READ, . . . New York. 

1884. 
1ST.— GEN. HARLAND, . . . Norwich, 

2d.— CHARLES JACOBUS, . . Springfield. 

1885. 
1ST.— CHARLES JACOBUS, .... Springfield. 
2d. — C. hull BOTSFORD, .... New York. 

1886. 
1ST.— C. HULL BOTSFORD, .... New York. 
2d. —CHARLES JACOBUS, .... Springfield. 

1887. 

1ST.— A. WAMBOLD, Staten Island. 

2d. —CHARLES JACOBUS, . . . Springfield. 

1888. 

1ST.— N. L. BISHOP, Norwich. 

2d. — L. p. BRYANT, Florence, Mass. 

1889. 

1st.— G. W. JOHNSON, Philadelphia. 

2d. —CHARLES JACOBUS, . . . Springfield. 

1890. 

1ST.— GEORGE C. STRONG, .... New London. 

2d. —Was tied for by NASH, WAMBOLD and CHAS. JACOBUS, 

and not played off. 

1891. 
1ST.— CHARLES SMITH, .... Cottage City. 
2d. - PHILIP GERMOND, . . . New York. 

1892. 
FIRST DIVISION. 

isT.— G. W. JOHNSON, . . . Philadelphia 

2:v —GEORGE C. STRONG, New London 










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NEW YORK. 



SPALDING'S TRADE-MARK GOODS, 




B/I5E B/ILL UNIFORMJ. 

Our uniforms comprise the best and only 
complete line In the mariet. Each grade Ij 
kept up to the highest point of excellence and 
we offer over forty different patterns to select 
from. Shoes not included In uniform complete. 

No. 

Uniform complete $13 50 

1 Uniform " 10 00 

2 Uniform " 7 50 

3 Uniform " 5 00 

4 Uniform " 3 50 

Samples of Flannels and Measurement Blanks 
mailed on Application. 



SPALDING'S 
Base Ball Shoes 

Allwl h plates attached 
Made at our own fac- 
tory and ev ry pair war- 
ranted for good service. 

No. 

10 Kangeroo. best 

quality $7 50 

Jalfskin, hand- 
sewed 6 00 

]X Leather, hand- 
sewed 3 50 

Send for Complete Catalogue of Summer Sports. 

A. Q. SPALDING & BROS., 

Chicago, . New Yokk, Philadelphia. 




JF/ILblNQV FOOT B/ILL QOOD/. 




The later- colleglato 
Foot Ball, official 
ly adapted by the 
Inter-collegiate 
Associatiou. 

Ev^ry ball tested acd 
warranted In every 
reppect. Packed in 
separate box and 
sealed. 



Intercollegiate Bal% Pr l^^e, $5 00 

"MATCH" RUGBY OR ASSOCIATION EALL. 

22 Inches circumfereDce, each $3 03 

24 Inches circumference, each 3 50 

27 Inches clrcuoaference, regulation etz: 4 00 

30 Inches circumference i U) 

33 inches circumference 6 00 




FOOT EALL UNIFORMS. 

No. 1 Jacket, heaviest white canvas. With 
or without sleeves $1 % 

No. 2 Jacket, lighter canvas, otherwise as 
No. 1 1 OD 

No. 1 Pants, heaviest white canvas, padded. 2 £0 

No. 3 Pants, lighter canvas well padded... 1 15. 
Either without padding, 75 cents each Ices. 



Complete Catalogue Mailed on Application 



A. G. SPALDING <5t BROS., 

Chicago, New Yokk rHiLAi>F.TiPHiA. 



ir 



YOU RIDE A WHEEL, 
YOU PLAY BALL, 
YOU PLAY TENNIS, 
YOU ROW, OR 



are devoted to sports or recreation of any kind, you desire 
proper wearing apparel. Call on us or write for prices. 
Largest stock in this line of goods to select from in New 
L^'ork. We quote following selections from our stock : 

Heavy-weight Lamb's Wool Sweaters, $2.50 
Silk Braided Bicycles Suits, - - 7.50 
Fast Black Bicycle Hose, - - - .39 
Dongola Bicycle Shoes, - - - 2.50 

And everything else in proportion. 



v^^end for- Our- Complete Catalogue. 



PECK & SNYDER, 

126-730 NASSAU STREET, - - - NEW YORK CITY. 



READ THE 



NEW YORE SPORTING IMES, 

PRICE, !0 CENTS. 



PUBLISHED WEEKLY. 



JAMES E. SULLIVAN, = - - Editor. 



Publishes all the Athletic News of the Country. 



NEW YORK SPORTING TIMES 

24( Broadway, - « - New York City. 



AMERICA'S REPRESENTATIVE BALL PAPER. 

The Sporting Life, 

The Only Base Ball and Cycling Newspaper in the Country. 



FULL SCORES OF ALL GAMES PLAYED IN ALL LEAGUES. 



THE SPORTING LIFE is recognized by all organizations, all players, all racing 
men, and the entire Base Ball and cycling public as the best Journal published. It 
is not only the best, but also the largest paper for the money in the world. 
THE SPORTING LIFE chronicles all Sporting events. Nothing escapes it; and 
it leads in news gathering. It has the best corps of editors and correspondents 
ever organized, and contains more reading matter than any similar paper in the 
world. 

THE SPORTING LIFE has a larger sworn and proven circulation than any 
other Sporting or Base Ball paper, or indeed any number of similar papers com- 
bined in the country, if not in the world. The average weekly circulation is over 
40,000 copies. 

The Sporting Life 

IS THE / THE NATIONAL LEAGUE, 

nnniri a I I ^^E American association of Professional 

Ut-MV^l/lL, \ Base Ball Clubs, and 

ORGAN ) ^^^ NATIONAL BOARD which goTerns all 
/ Professional Base Ball Organizations in 

OF \ the Country. 

All o£6.cial news of all leagues will appear exclusively in 

THE SPORTING LIFE. 

TO READ IT ONCE IS TO SWEAR BY IT FOREVER. 



PUBLISHED BY 

The Sporting; Life Publishing Co., 

34 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

P. O. Box 984. ^' ^' R'CHTER, Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION TERMS— IN ADTANCE : 
One Year . . . $4.00 1 Six Months . . . $2.25 
Three Months . $1.25 | Singple Copies • • .10 

For sale by Newsdealers in tlie United States and Canada. 

SAMPLE COPIES FREE-SEND FOR ONE. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





006 010 791 9 # 

I U UlUIUIIU 



FINE 
LAWN TENNIS 

OUTFITS 
A SPECIALTY. 



The Official Lawn Tennis Guide for 
1893, will contain photos of all the Cham- 
pion players, Letters and Articles on the 
Game, -with full accounts of the leading 

Tennis Tournaments 
of 1892, 

and other items of interest. Will be on 
sale May 1 St. Price j^ cents. 

ADDRESS, 

WRIQHT 6r blT50M, 

344 Washington St., 
BOSTON, MA5S. 

Send for Illustrated Tennis Catalogue. 



